21 Days — Photography & Filmmaking Fundamentals

Week 1 is stills. Weeks 2 and 3 are moving pictures. Every day you finish and export something. Each day says which book or course it comes from, so you can check it.

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Three rules that make this work:

Week 1 Stills — composition, angle, exposure

Week 1 · Day 1

Twenty-four from one spot

Make this today

Stand in one place and take 24 different photographs without moving. Look up, down, close, far. Keep all 24.

Rule: Do not move your feet 24 photos

Source: No Film School, “Two Dozen” workout

Why this one?

Forces you to find compositions instead of walking to them. You will run out of obvious shots around number eight — everything after that is the actual exercise.

Happy with it?

Week 1 · Day 2

The five shot sizes

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Pick one subject. Photograph it as an extreme long shot, long shot, mid shot, close-up and extreme close-up. Move your feet, don't zoom.

Rule: One subject, five sizes 5 photos Together

Source: Learn About Film — shot size; Mascelli — close-ups

Why this one?

Shot size is the first thing on almost every cinematography syllabus, because it is how you control what the viewer knows and feels at each moment.

Happy with it?

Week 1 · Day 3

Four corners

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Take eight photos where the subject sits near a corner or edge of the frame — never the middle. Then take one centred version and compare.

Rule: Subject never in the centre 8 photos

Source: No Film School, “Four Corners”; Learn About Film — composition

Why this one?

The rule of thirds says put important things about a third of the way across the frame. Doing the extreme version teaches it faster than reading it.

Happy with it?

Week 1 · Day 4

High, low, level

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Photograph a person from below, at eye level, and from above. Change nothing else. Look at how differently they read.

Rule: Same subject, three heights 3 photos Together

Source: Learn About Film — camera position and angle; Mascelli — camera angles

Why this one?

A low angle tends to make a subject look powerful, a high angle weaker. It is the cheapest storytelling tool you have and costs nothing but bending your knees.

Happy with it?

Week 1 · Day 5

The exposure triangle

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Switch your camera or phone to manual/pro mode. Shoot the same scene changing only aperture, then only shutter speed, then only ISO. Two shots each.

Rule: Manual mode, one change at a time 6 photos

Source: Exposure triangle — standard photography fundamentals

Why this one?

Aperture, shutter speed and ISO are taught as the foundation of photography the way addition and subtraction are the foundation of maths. You will see depth of field and motion blur appear on purpose for the first time.

Happy with it?

Week 1 · Day 6

Photo story

Make this today

Tell a small story in 8–12 still photographs. Someone loses something and finds it; someone makes breakfast. Put them in order. Show it to someone without explaining.

Rule: No words, no video 8–12 photos Together

Source: Film School 101 assignment #1 — Photo Stories

Why this one?

This is the first assignment in a classic film-school progression, deliberately before video: you learn composition and shot selection without sound or movement to hide behind.

Happy with it?

Week 1 · Day 7

ABCDEF review

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Go back through week one. Check each photo against the ABCDEF list. Find your three worst frames and reshoot them properly.

Rule: Check every frame against six letters Review + 3 reshoots Together

The ABCDEF check — run it on every frame

  • Angle — high, low or level?
  • Background — anything growing out of their head?
  • Composition — where in the frame?
  • Distance — which shot size?
  • Exposure — too bright or too dark?
  • Focus — is the right thing sharp?

Source: Learn About Film — the ABCDEF shot checklist

Why this one?

A checklist beats taste when you are starting out, because it catches the specific thing that is wrong instead of leaving you with a vague sense that the photo is bad.

Happy with it?

Week 2 Moving pictures — sequence and continuity

Week 2 · Day 8

The basic sequence

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Film one simple action three times: once wide, once medium, once close. Cut them together in that order. That's your film.

Rule: Wide, then medium, then close 30 sec Together

Source: Schroeppel — “basic sequence”; Learn About Film — open on a long shot

Why this one?

Establish where we are, then who, then how they feel. Almost every scene ever cut is built on this.

Happy with it?

Week 2 · Day 9

Match on action

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Someone opens a door, picks up a cup, sits down. Film the whole action from one angle, then film the whole action again from another. Cut from one to the other in the middle of the movement.

Rule: Film the same action twice, from two positions 20 sec Together

Source: Learn About Film — match on action; Film School 101 assignment #2

Why this one?

Cutting while something is moving hides the join. This is the trick that makes edits feel invisible, and it is a formal film-school assignment for that reason.

Happy with it?

Week 2 · Day 10

The 180-degree rule

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Two people talk. Draw an imaginary line between them and keep the camera on one side of it. Film a version obeying the line, then a version crossing it. Watch both.

Rule: Stay one side of the line — then break it on purpose 30 sec Together

Source: Mascelli — continuity; Learn About Film — 180-degree rule

Why this one?

Cross the line and the two people suddenly appear to swap sides and stop looking at each other. Accidentally crossing the line is described as one of the most common editing-room nightmares — seeing it break once teaches it permanently.

Happy with it?

Week 2 · Day 11

Shot-reverse-shot

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Film the same conversation as over-the-shoulder shots, cutting between the two faces. When you change angle on the same subject, move at least 30 degrees.

Rule: Move at least 30 degrees between shots 45 sec Together

Source: Learn About Film — shot-reverse-shot, eyeline match, 30-degree rule

Why this one?

Less than about 30 degrees and the cut looks like a glitch rather than a new shot. This plus yesterday's line is basically how every dialogue scene is filmed.

Happy with it?

Week 2 · Day 12

Hard light, soft light

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Film a face in direct sun or under a bare bulb, then in window light on a cloudy side or through a curtain. Then film one shot with the light behind them and fix it.

Rule: Only light you find, none you buy 30 sec Together

Source: Schroeppel — lighting; Learn About Film — light and colour

Why this one?

Hard light makes sharp shadows and drama; soft light is forgiving. Learning to notice where light already comes from beats buying any lighting kit.

Happy with it?

Week 2 · Day 13

Sound is half of it

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Record the same sentence with the phone three metres away, one metre away, and 30cm away. Then record 30 seconds of the empty room and keep it.

Rule: Microphone within 30cm 45 sec Together

Source: Schroeppel — sound chapter

Why this one?

Distance to the microphone matters more than any setting. That 30 seconds of “silence” is room tone: cut a word out later and the background hiss vanishes with it, leaving a hole only room tone can patch.

Happy with it?

Week 2 · Day 14

What's in the Box?

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Someone finds a small box. They don't know if it holds treasure or poison. They approach it nervously and begin to open it. Tell that in 30 seconds using at least 15 shots.

Rule: At least 15 shots. Obey the 180-degree line. 30 sec Together

Source: Learn About Film — named beginner exercise

Why this one?

Fifteen shots in thirty seconds forces you to use shot size, angle and movement to build tension instead of just pointing the camera. This is the week's exam.

Happy with it?

Week 3 Cutting and finishing

Week 3 · Day 15

Process documentary

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Film someone doing something real from start to finish — cooking, fixing a bike, your daughter building in Minecraft. You cannot ask for retakes. Get everything you'll need.

Rule: You do not control the subject 60–90 sec Together

Source: Film School 101 assignment #3 — Process Documentary

Why this one?

Everything so far you could re-stage. Here you can't, so you have to plan coverage in advance. This footage becomes the raw material for the rest of the week.

Happy with it?

Week 3 · Day 16

First assembly

Make this today

Install CapCut or DaVinci Resolve. Put yesterday's footage in order end to end and export it. Do not try to make it good.

Rule: Finish it even though it's bad any length

Source: Schroeppel — editing chapter

Why this one?

Most people stall at “open the editor”. Beating that today with a deliberately bad export removes the fear before the real cutting starts.

Happy with it?

Week 3 · Day 17

Cutting

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Recut yesterday's assembly a third shorter. Trim the dead air at both ends of every clip, and make at least two cuts land in the middle of a movement.

Rule: Cut on movement; trim every clip both ends −30% length

Source: Mascelli — cutting; match cuts from day 9

Why this one?

Almost every first edit is too long. Trimming and cutting on action do most of the work of making an edit feel professional.

Happy with it?

Week 3 · Day 18

Montage

Make this today

Build a short montage from your documentary footage: a run of quick shots compressing the whole process into thirty seconds, carried by music.

Rule: No dialogue — music and pictures only 30 sec

Source: Schroeppel — montage chapter

Why this one?

Montage is how you compress a long process into a short time without boring anyone. It is also the form most YouTube videos lean on hardest.

Happy with it?

Week 3 · Day 19

Sound offset — J and L cuts

Make this today

Unlink audio from video. On one cut, let the next shot's sound start about a second early. On another, let the old sound run a second into the new shot.

Rule: One J-cut and one L-cut 60 sec

Source: Standard continuity editing practice; Schroeppel — sound and editing

Why this one?

One technique, two directions. Sound arriving early creates anticipation; sound lingering creates continuity. It is most of what “smooth” means.

Happy with it?

Week 3 · Day 20

Titles and safe area

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Add an opening title and a lower third naming whoever is speaking. Keep every piece of text well inside the frame edges. Watch it back on an actual phone.

Rule: All text 5% in from every edge 60 sec

Source: Broadcast title-safe convention (not a specific book)

Why this one?

Phone apps put buttons on top of your picture. Text that looks perfect in the editor gets covered by the Like button.

Happy with it?

Week 3 · Day 21

Two-person scene, published

Make this today

Film a real two-person scene: your daughter talking about the game you're building. Use the line, shot-reverse-shot, coverage, light, clean sound, a J-cut, a title, music. She directs at least one shot and gets a credit. Then publish it.

Rule: Beginning, middle, end — and it goes public 60–90 sec Together

Source: Film School 101 assignments #4 and #5 — two-person conversation, short film

Why this one?

The final film-school assignments are a two-person dialogue scene and a short with real structure. This is both, scaled to a weekend, and publishing is the part that makes the other twenty days real.

Happy with it?

Your self-rating over time

How happy you were with each day's result. The shape across three weeks is the point — not any single day. (Needs JavaScript; the plan above does not.)

Rate a day and it appears here.

Where this comes from

Not invented. Each day above cites one of these.